BIO 192 COURSE CONTENTS:
- Important Facts on MOVEMENT IN ORGANISMS
- Important Facts on SPERMATOPHYTES
- Important Facts on SUPPORT AND SKELETAL SYSTEM
- Important Facts on MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF VERTEBRATES
- Important Facts on ROOTS AND LEAVES
- Important Facts on Food Test
MOVEMENT IN ORGANISMS
MOVEMENT IN PLANTS:
1. Tropism:
- Definition: Movement of plant parts in response to a one-sided stimulus.
- Control: Regulated by the plant hormone Auxin.
- Note: Response to touch is known as haptotropism.
2. Nastic Movement:
- Definition: Movement in response to non-directional stimuli like temperature and light intensity.
- Examples: Sleep movement of Mimosa pudica and movement of insectivorous plants.
3. Tactic Movement:
- Definition: Movement involving the entire plant.
- Examples: Motile algae and Euglena.
MOVEMENT IN ANIMALS:
1. Cyclosis (Cytoplasmic Streaming):
- Definition: Movement of cytoplasm and its contents within a cell.
- Note: Cilia in Paramecium coordinated by the neuroneme.
2. Hydra:
- Movement: Swaying, swimming, gliding, looping, and somersaulting.
3. Earthworm:
- Movement: Crawling, controlled by circular and longitudinal muscles.
4. Fish:
- Movement: Alternate contraction and relaxation of muscle blocks (myotomes) alongside the vertebral column.
- Note: Side-to-side beating of the caudal fin propels the fish forward.
5. Adult Toad or Frog:
- Movement: Swimming or hopping.
- Features: Streamlined body shape for efficient swimming, webbed digits as paddles, forelimbs extend during hopping to absorb landing shock.
6. Birds:
- Movements: Walking, soaring, gliding, and flapping.
- Adaptations for Flight: Streamlined body, reduced digits (4), broad sternum, light and hollow bones, etc.
Don’t forget to share with your friends
Movement in bird, what does gliding means?
Awesome