GST 107 Past Questions and Answers

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  1. What is the primary focus of environmental studies?
    a) The study of human behavior
    b) The interaction between humans and the environment
    c) The development of technology
    d) Economic growth only
    Answer: b) The interaction between humans and the environment
  2. Which of the following is a major cause of deforestation?
    a) Urban development
    b) Sustainable farming
    c) Wildlife conservation
    d) Afforestation
    Answer: a) Urban development
  3. What does the term “biodiversity” refer to?
    a) The variety of life in an ecosystem
    b) The total number of species
    c) The genetic makeup of a species
    d) The extinction of species
    Answer: a) The variety of life in an ecosystem
  4. Which gas is a major contributor to climate change?
    a) Oxygen
    b) Nitrogen
    c) Carbon dioxide
    d) Helium
    Answer: c) Carbon dioxide
  5. What is “sustainability”?
    a) The depletion of resources
    b) Meeting the needs of the present without compromising future generations
    c) Ignoring environmental issues
    d) Focusing only on economic growth
    Answer: b) Meeting the needs of the present without compromising future generations
  6. Which of the following is an effect of climate change?
    a) Decreased natural disasters
    b) Rising sea levels
    c) Increased biodiversity
    d) Stable weather patterns
    Answer: b) Rising sea levels
  7. What is the significance of wetlands in the environment?
    a) They have no ecological importance
    b) They provide habitat for wildlife and help filter water
    c) They contribute to pollution
    d) They are only useful for agriculture
    Answer: b) They provide habitat for wildlife and help filter water
  8. What does “carbon footprint” measure?
    a) The amount of oxygen produced by an individual
    b) The total greenhouse gas emissions caused directly or indirectly by an individual, organization, or product
    c) The distance traveled by a vehicle
    d) The size of an individual’s home
    Answer: b) The total greenhouse gas emissions caused directly or indirectly by an individual, organization, or product
  9. Which of the following practices can help reduce waste?
    a) Recycling
    b) Throwing away plastics
    c) Ignoring composting
    d) Using more packaging
    Answer: a) Recycling
  10. What is “renewable energy”?
    a) Energy that can be replaced naturally
    b) Energy from fossil fuels
    c) Energy that cannot be replaced
    d) Energy that is always available
    Answer: a) Energy that can be replaced naturally
  11. Which of the following is a non-renewable resource?
    a) Solar energy
    b) Wind energy
    c) Coal
    d) Biomass
    Answer: c) Coal
  12. What is “ocean acidification”?
    a) The decrease in ocean water temperature
    b) The increase in acidity of ocean waters due to carbon dioxide absorption
    c) The rise of sea levels
    d) The increase in fish populations
    Answer: b) The increase in acidity of ocean waters due to carbon dioxide absorption
  13. What is the purpose of environmental impact assessments?
    a) To ignore potential environmental consequences
    b) To evaluate the potential environmental effects of proposed projects
    c) To promote industrial growth
    d) To reduce costs for businesses
    Answer: b) To evaluate the potential environmental effects of proposed projects
  14. Which of the following is a greenhouse gas?
    a) Nitrogen
    b) Oxygen
    c) Methane
    d) Helium
    Answer: c) Methane
  15. What does “sustainable agriculture” aim to achieve?
    a) Maximize profits without considering environmental impact
    b) Minimize environmental impact while maintaining productivity
    c) Increase chemical use
    d) Ignore soil health
    Answer: b) Minimize environmental impact while maintaining productivity
  16. What is the role of the ozone layer?
    a) It contributes to climate change
    b) It protects the Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation
    c) It has no effect on the environment
    d) It increases greenhouse gas emissions
    Answer: b) It protects the Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation
  17. Which of the following is a consequence of overfishing?
    a) Increased fish populations
    b) Decline in fish stocks and disrupted marine ecosystems
    c) Better ocean health
    d) More job opportunities in fishing
    Answer: b) Decline in fish stocks and disrupted marine ecosystems
  18. What is “ecotourism”?
    a) Travel that harms the environment
    b) Responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment
    c) Luxury travel with no regard for ecology
    d) Traveling to urban areas only
    Answer: b) Responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment
  19. Which of the following describes “pollution”?
    a) The introduction of harmful substances into the environment
    b) The restoration of natural habitats
    c) The process of recycling materials
    d) The reduction of waste
    Answer: a) The introduction of harmful substances into the environment
  20. What is the primary goal of conservation efforts?
    a) To exploit natural resources
    b) To preserve biodiversity and protect natural habitats
    c) To increase pollution
    d) To develop urban areas
    Answer: b) To preserve biodiversity and protect natural habitats
  21. What is “sustainable development”?
    a) Development that ignores environmental impact
    b) Economic development that is conducted without depletion of natural resources
    c) Development focused solely on profit
    d) Urban expansion
    Answer: b) Economic development that is conducted without depletion of natural resources
  22. What is “air quality index” (AQI)?
    a) A measure of temperature
    b) A system for measuring the quality of air and its safety for human health
    c) A measure of humidity
    d) A tool for measuring rainfall
    Answer: b) A system for measuring the quality of air and its safety for human health
  23. What does “conservation biology” study?
    a) The economic benefits of resources
    b) The preservation of biodiversity and ecosystems
    c) The development of urban areas
    d) The pollution of natural resources
    Answer: b) The preservation of biodiversity and ecosystems
  24. Which of the following is a benefit of reforestation?
    a) Increased carbon emissions
    b) Improved air quality and habitat restoration
    c) Reduced biodiversity
    d) Urban sprawl
    Answer: b) Improved air quality and habitat restoration
  25. What is the role of the United Nations in environmental issues?
    a) To ignore global challenges
    b) To promote international cooperation and policy development
    c) To restrict national sovereignty
    d) To promote industrialization
    Answer: b) To promote international cooperation and policy development
  26. What does “wildlife conservation” focus on?
    a) Extinction of species
    b) Protecting endangered species and their habitats
    c) Urban development
    d) Ignoring biodiversity
    Answer: b) Protecting endangered species and their habitats
  27. Which of the following is a renewable energy source?
    a) Natural gas
    b) Wind energy
    c) Coal
    d) Nuclear energy
    Answer: b) Wind energy
  28. What is the primary cause of habitat loss?
    a) Overpopulation
    b) Urbanization and agricultural expansion
    c) Conservation efforts
    d) Natural disasters
    Answer: b) Urbanization and agricultural expansion
  29. What is “sustainable fisheries”?
    a) Overfishing without restrictions
    b) Fish farming practices that do not deplete fish stocks
    c) Ignoring fish population limits
    d) Only wild-caught fish
    Answer: b) Fish farming practices that do not deplete fish stocks
  30. What does “marine protected area” (MPA) mean?
    a) An area where fishing is not allowed
    b) A designated region of the ocean for conservation purposes
    c) A site for industrial development
    d) A tourist attraction
    Answer: b) A designated region of the ocean for conservation purposes
  31. What is “climate resilience”?
    a) The ability to ignore climate change
    b) The capacity to adapt to the adverse effects of climate change
    c) A measure of carbon emissions
    d) The process of increasing pollution
    Answer: b) The capacity to adapt to the adverse effects of climate change
  32. What is “waste management”?
    a) Ignoring waste disposal
    b) The collection, transport, processing, and recycling of waste
    c) Increasing waste production
    d) Focusing solely on landfill
    Answer: b) The collection, transport, processing, and recycling of waste
  33. What is “urban sustainability”?
    a) Developing cities without considering the environment
    b) Creating cities that meet the needs of residents without compromising the environment
    c) Focusing solely on economic growth in cities
    d) Expanding urban areas without planning
    Answer: b) Creating cities that meet the needs of residents without compromising the environment
  34. What does “sustainable tourism” aim to achieve?
    a) Maximum profit at any cost
    b) Travel that minimizes impact on the environment and supports local economies
    c) Urban expansion
    d) Large-scale development
    Answer: b) Travel that minimizes impact on the environment and supports local economies
  35. What is “deforestation”?
    a) Planting new trees
    b) The large-scale removal of trees from forests
    c) The conservation of forests
    d) Sustainable logging
    Answer: b) The large-scale removal of trees from forests
  36. Which of the following is a consequence of plastic pollution?
    a) Increased marine biodiversity
    b) Harm to marine life and ecosystems
    c) Improved water quality
    d) Increased fishing stocks
    Answer: b) Harm to marine life and ecosystems
  37. What is “greenwashing”?
    a) A genuine effort to improve environmental impact
    b) Misleading marketing to appear environmentally friendly
    c) Cleaning up pollution
    d) Promoting sustainable practices
    Answer: b) Misleading marketing to appear environmentally friendly
  38. What is “ecological footprint”?
    a) The amount of waste produced
    b) A measure of human demand on the Earth’s ecosystems
    c) The distance traveled by an individual
    d) The size of a person’s home
    Answer: b) A measure of human demand on the Earth’s ecosystems
  39. What is the impact of climate change on agriculture?
    a) Consistent crop yields
    b) Increased unpredictability of weather and crop failures
    c) Improved agricultural practices
    d) Stable farming conditions
    Answer: b) Increased unpredictability of weather and crop failures
  40. What is “sustainable forestry”?
    a) Logging without regulations
    b) Managing forest resources to meet current needs without compromising future generations
    c) Ignoring wildlife habitats
    d) Rapid deforestation
    Answer: b) Managing forest resources to meet current needs without compromising future generations
  41. What does “land degradation” refer to?
    a) The improvement of soil quality
    b) The decline in land quality due to human activities
    c) Urban development
    d) Increasing agricultural productivity
    Answer: b) The decline in land quality due to human activities
  42. What is the primary purpose of environmental legislation?
    a) To ignore environmental issues
    b) To regulate activities that affect the environment
    c) To promote industrialization
    d) To limit public access to nature
    Answer: b) To regulate activities that affect the environment
  43. What does “conservation easement” mean?
    a) A legal agreement to protect land from development
    b) Ignoring land use
    c) A government regulation on land use
    d) A method to increase urbanization
    Answer: a) A legal agreement to protect land from development
  44. Which of the following contributes to soil erosion?
    a) Planting cover crops
    b) Deforestation and overgrazing
    c) Sustainable land management
    d) Urban gardening
    Answer: b) Deforestation and overgrazing
  45. What is “atmospheric pollution”?
    a) The improvement of air quality
    b) The presence of harmful substances in the atmosphere
    c) The reduction of greenhouse gases
    d) The study of weather patterns
    Answer: b) The presence of harmful substances in the atmosphere
  46. What is “sustainable packaging”?
    a) Packaging that is non-biodegradable
    b) Packaging designed to minimize environmental impact
    c) Packaging that is not recyclable
    d) Excessive plastic use
    Answer: b) Packaging designed to minimize environmental impact
  47. What does “climate justice” refer to?
    a) The idea that climate change affects everyone equally
    b) Recognizing that climate change disproportionately affects marginalized communities
    c) Ignoring social inequalities
    d) Focusing solely on economic impact
    Answer: b) Recognizing that climate change disproportionately affects marginalized communities
  48. What is the primary purpose of recycling?
    a) To increase waste
    b) To conserve resources and reduce landfill use
    c) To promote pollution
    d) To ignore waste management
    Answer: b) To conserve resources and reduce landfill use
  49. What is “renewable resource”?
    a) A resource that cannot be replenished
    b) A resource that can be regenerated naturally
    c) A resource that is only available in limited quantities
    d) A non-living resource
    Answer: b) A resource that can be regenerated naturally
  50. What is “food security”?
    a) Having access to safe and nutritious food
    b) Ignoring hunger issues
    c) Focusing only on food production
    d) Reducing agricultural yields
    Answer: a) Having access to safe and nutritious food

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