EBSU PHY 108 Past Questions and Answers
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1. If ( F ) is the force acting on the test charge ( q ), the electric field intensity ( E ) could be given by:
- A) ( E = \frac{F}{q} )
- B) ( E = \frac{q}{F} )
- C) ( E = F \cdot q )
- D) ( E = \frac{F^2}{q} )
Answer: A) ( E = \frac{F}{q} )
2. The Coulomb force ( F ) between two point charges ( q_1 ) and ( q_2 ) placed at a distance ( r ) is:
- A) ( F = k \frac{q_1 q_2}{r^2} )
- B) ( F = k \frac{q_1 + q_2}{r} )
- C) ( F = k \frac{q_1 – q_2}{r^2} )
- D) ( F = k \frac{q_1 q_2}{r} )
Answer: A) ( F = k \frac{q_1 q_2}{r^2} )
3. Find the focal length ( f ) of a mirror whose radius of curvature ( R ) is given by:
- A) ( f = \frac{R}{2} )
- B) ( f = R )
- C) ( f = \frac{2R}{3} )
- D) ( f = 2R )
Answer: A) ( f = \frac{R}{2} )
4. What is the beat frequency of two waves with frequencies ( f_1 ) and ( f_2 )?
- A) ( |f_1 + f_2| )
- B) ( |f_1 – f_2| )
- C) ( \frac{f_1 + f_2}{2} )
- D) ( \frac{f_1 – f_2}{2} )
Answer: B) ( |f_1 – f_2| )
5. If the frequency of a guitar string is ( f ), what is the frequency of the second harmonic?
- A) ( \frac{f}{2} )
- B) ( f )
- C) ( 2f )
- D) ( 3f )
Answer: C) ( 2f )
6. Which of the following waves can be transmitted through solids, liquids, and gases?
- A) Transverse waves
- B) Electromagnetic waves
- C) Mechanical waves
- D) Longitudinal waves
Answer: D) Longitudinal waves
7. If the power of a lens is ( P ), its focal length ( f ) is:
- A) ( f = \frac{1}{P} )
- B) ( f = P )
- C) ( f = \frac{2}{P} )
- D) ( f = P^2 )
Answer: A) ( f = \frac{1}{P} )
8. Two points A and B are maintained at a potential of ( V_A ) and ( V_B ) respectively. The work done in moving 50 electrons from A to B is:
- A) ( W = 50 e (V_B – V_A) )
- B) ( W = 50 e (V_A – V_B) )
- C) ( W = 0 )
- D) ( W = 50 (V_B + V_A) )
Answer: A) ( W = 50 e (V_B – V_A) )
9. The unit of electric field strength is:
- A) Volt
- B) Ampere
- C) Newton per Coulomb
- D) Ohm
Answer: C) Newton per Coulomb
10. What type of mirror always produces a virtual image?
- A) Plane mirror
- B) Convex mirror
- C) Concave mirror
- D) Both A and B
Answer: D) Both A and B
11. The frequency of a wave is inversely proportional to its:
- A) Wavelength
- B) Amplitude
- C) Speed
- D) Energy
Answer: A) Wavelength
12. What is the relationship between the angles of incidence and refraction given by Snell’s law?
- A) ( n_1 \sin(\theta_1) = n_2 \sin(\theta_2) )
- B) ( n_1 + n_2 = \theta_1 + \theta_2 )
- C) ( n_1 = n_2 )
- D) ( \theta_1 + \theta_2 = 90^\circ )
Answer: A) ( n_1 \sin(\theta_1) = n_2 \sin(\theta_2) )
13. Which of the following is a characteristic of a sound wave?
- A) It can travel through a vacuum
- B) It requires a medium to travel
- C) It travels faster than light
- D) It is an electromagnetic wave
Answer: B) It requires a medium to travel
14. The phenomenon of a wave bending around an obstacle is known as:
- A) Reflection
- B) Refraction
- C) Diffraction
- D) Dispersion
Answer: C) Diffraction
15. What is the principle behind the operation of a transformer?
- A) Conservation of energy
- B) Faraday’s Law of Induction
- C) Coulomb’s Law
- D) Ohm’s Law
Answer: B) Faraday’s Law of Induction
16. In a circuit, what device is used to store electrical energy?
- A) Resistor
- B) Capacitor
- C) Inductor
- D) Diode
Answer: B) Capacitor
17. The speed of light in a vacuum is approximately:
- A) ( 3 \times 10^6 ) m/s
- B) ( 3 \times 10^8 ) m/s
- C) ( 3 \times 10^4 ) m/s
- D) ( 3 \times 10^{10} ) m/s
Answer: B) ( 3 \times 10^8 ) m/s
18. The critical angle for total internal reflection occurs when:
- A) Light travels from a medium of higher refractive index to lower refractive index
- B) Light travels from a medium of lower refractive index to higher refractive index
- C) The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of refraction
- D) None of the above
Answer: A) Light travels from a medium of higher refractive index to lower refractive index
19. The Doppler effect is observed when:
- A) An object is moving away from a stationary observer
- B) An object is stationary and the observer is moving
- C) There is a change in frequency due to relative motion between a source and an observer
- D) All of the above
Answer: C) There is a change in frequency due to relative motion between a source and an observer
20. What is the formula for calculating the electric potential energy ( U ) between two charges ( q_1 ) and ( q_2 ) separated by a distance ( r )?
- A) ( U = k \frac{q_1 q_2}{r} )
- B) ( U = k \frac{q_1 q_2}{r^2} )
- C) ( U = \frac{q_1 q_2}{r} )
- D) ( U = k \frac{q_1 + q_2}{r} )
Answer: A) ( U = k \frac{q_1 q_2}{r} )
21. A convex lens is used to:
- A) Diverge light rays
- B) Converge light rays
- C) Reflect light rays
- D) Absorb light rays
Answer: B) Converge light rays
22. Which of the following is true about electromagnetic waves?
- A) They can travel through a vacuum.
- B) They require a medium to propagate.
- C) They have a frequency of zero.
- D) They cannot travel in a vacuum.
Answer: A) They can travel through a vacuum.
23. The amplitude of a wave is:
- A) The distance between two consecutive crests
- B) The maximum displacement from the rest position
- C) The time period of the wave
- D) The speed of the wave
Answer: B) The maximum displacement from the rest position
24. In a series circuit, the total voltage is equal to:
- A) The sum of the individual voltages across each component
- B) The product of the individual voltages
- C) The highest voltage in the circuit
- D) The average of the voltages
Answer: A) The sum of the individual voltages across each component
25. What is the primary function of a transformer?
- A) To convert AC to DC
- B) To increase or decrease AC voltage
- C) To store electrical energy
- D) To measure current
Answer: B) To increase or decrease AC voltage
26. In which type of wave do particles of the medium move perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation?
- A) Longitudinal waves
- B) Transverse waves
- C) Surface waves
- D) None of the above
Answer: B) Transverse waves
27. The work done in moving a charge ( q ) through a potential difference ( V ) is given by:
- A) ( W = qV )
- B) ( W = \frac{q}{V} )
- C) ( W = V^2/q )
- D) ( W = q + V )
Answer: A) ( W = qV )
28. Which phenomenon explains the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another?
- A) Reflection
- B) Refraction
- C) Diffraction
- D) Dispersion
Answer: B) Refraction
29. The SI unit of capacitance is:
- A) Volt
- B) Ampere
- C) Farad
- D) Coulomb
Answer: C) Farad
30. The primary cause of the Doppler effect is:
- A) Change in amplitude
- B) Change in frequency due to relative motion
- C) Change in wavelength
- D) All of the above
Answer: B) Change in frequency due to relative motion
31. A standing wave is formed by:
- A) Two waves traveling in the same direction
- B) Two waves traveling in opposite directions
- C) A single wave reflecting back
- D) None of the above
Answer: B) Two waves traveling in opposite directions
32. The speed of sound is generally fastest in:
- A) Air
- B) Water
- C) Steel
- D) Vacuum
Answer: C) Steel
33. The frequency of a wave can be calculated using:
- A) ( f = \frac{1}{T} )
- B) ( f = \lambda \cdot T )
- C) ( f = v \cdot \lambda )
- D) Both A and C
Answer: D) Both A and C
34. Which of the following laws states that the total current entering a junction equals the total current leaving the junction?
- A) Ohm’s Law
- B) Kirchhoff’s Current Law
- C) Faraday’s Law
- D) Coulomb’s Law
Answer: B) Kirchhoff’s Current Law
35. An object moving in a circular path at constant speed has:
- A) Zero acceleration
- B) Constant velocity
- C) Constant acceleration
- D) Increasing speed
Answer: C) Constant acceleration
36. The lens formula for thin lenses is given by:
- A) ( \frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{d_o} + \frac{1}{d_i} )
- B) ( f = d_o + d_i )
- C) ( f = d_o \cdot d_i )
- D) ( \frac{1}{f} = d_o – d_i )
Answer: A) ( \frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{d_o} + \frac{1}{d_i} )
37. The property of light that allows it to change direction when passing from one medium to another is:
- A) Reflection
- B) Refraction
- C) Absorption
- D) Transmission
Answer: B) Refraction
38. The resistance ( R ) in a circuit can be calculated using:
- A) ( R = \frac{V}{I} )
- B) ( R = VI )
- C) ( R = V + I )
- D) ( R = \frac{I}{V} )
Answer: A) ( R = \frac{V}{I} )
39. Which of the following devices converts mechanical energy into electrical energy?
- A) Generator
- B) Motor
- C) Transformer
- D) Resistor
Answer: A) Generator
40. The electric field inside a conductor in electrostatic equilibrium is:
- A) Maximum
- B) Minimum
- C) Zero
- D) Constant
Answer: C) Zero
41. What is the primary purpose of a capacitor in an electric circuit?
- A) To store energy
- B) To increase current
- C) To decrease voltage
- D) To measure resistance
Answer: A) To store energy
42. The force on a charged particle moving in a magnetic field is given by:
- A) ( F = qE )
- B) ( F = qvB \sin(\theta) )
- C) ( F = mv^2/r )
- D) ( F = k \frac{q_1 q_2}{r^2} )
Answer: B) ( F = qvB \sin(\theta) )
43. The frequency of electromagnetic waves is directly proportional to:
- A) Wavelength
- B) Speed of light
- C) Amplitude
- D) Energy
Answer: D) Energy
44. The work done on an object is equal to:
- A) The force multiplied by the distance moved
- B) The mass times the acceleration
- C) The change in momentum
- D) All of the above
Answer: A) The force multiplied by the distance moved
45. When light travels from a medium with a lower refractive index to a higher refractive index, it:
- A) Bends away from the normal
- B) Bends towards the normal
- C) Travels in a straight line
- D) Gets absorbed
Answer: B) Bends towards the normal
46. The intensity of a sound wave is proportional to the square of its:
- A) Frequency
- B) Amplitude
- C) Wavelength
- D) Speed
Answer: B) Amplitude
47. The law that describes the relationship between the current and voltage in an electrical circuit is known as:
- A) Newton’s Law
- B) Ohm’s Law
- C) Faraday’s Law
- D) Kirchhoff’s Law
Answer: B) Ohm’s Law
48. In an electromagnetic wave, the electric and magnetic fields are:
- A) In phase and perpendicular to each other
- B) Out of phase and parallel to each other
- C) In phase and parallel to each other
- D) Perpendicular and independent
Answer: A) In phase and perpendicular to each other
49. The phenomenon where light separates into its constituent colors when passing through a prism is called:
- A) Reflection
- B) Refraction
- C) Diffraction
- D) Dispersion
Answer: D) Dispersion
50. Which of the following statements about sound waves is true?
- A) They are electromagnetic waves.
- B) They can travel through a vacuum.
- C) They are longitudinal waves.
- D) They have no frequency.
Answer: C) They are longitudinal waves.
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