EBSU PHY 108 Past Questions and Answers

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1. If ( F ) is the force acting on the test charge ( q ), the electric field intensity ( E ) could be given by:

  • A) ( E = \frac{F}{q} )
  • B) ( E = \frac{q}{F} )
  • C) ( E = F \cdot q )
  • D) ( E = \frac{F^2}{q} )
    Answer: A) ( E = \frac{F}{q} )

2. The Coulomb force ( F ) between two point charges ( q_1 ) and ( q_2 ) placed at a distance ( r ) is:

  • A) ( F = k \frac{q_1 q_2}{r^2} )
  • B) ( F = k \frac{q_1 + q_2}{r} )
  • C) ( F = k \frac{q_1 – q_2}{r^2} )
  • D) ( F = k \frac{q_1 q_2}{r} )
    Answer: A) ( F = k \frac{q_1 q_2}{r^2} )

3. Find the focal length ( f ) of a mirror whose radius of curvature ( R ) is given by:

  • A) ( f = \frac{R}{2} )
  • B) ( f = R )
  • C) ( f = \frac{2R}{3} )
  • D) ( f = 2R )
    Answer: A) ( f = \frac{R}{2} )

4. What is the beat frequency of two waves with frequencies ( f_1 ) and ( f_2 )?

  • A) ( |f_1 + f_2| )
  • B) ( |f_1 – f_2| )
  • C) ( \frac{f_1 + f_2}{2} )
  • D) ( \frac{f_1 – f_2}{2} )
    Answer: B) ( |f_1 – f_2| )

5. If the frequency of a guitar string is ( f ), what is the frequency of the second harmonic?

  • A) ( \frac{f}{2} )
  • B) ( f )
  • C) ( 2f )
  • D) ( 3f )
    Answer: C) ( 2f )

6. Which of the following waves can be transmitted through solids, liquids, and gases?

  • A) Transverse waves
  • B) Electromagnetic waves
  • C) Mechanical waves
  • D) Longitudinal waves
    Answer: D) Longitudinal waves

7. If the power of a lens is ( P ), its focal length ( f ) is:

  • A) ( f = \frac{1}{P} )
  • B) ( f = P )
  • C) ( f = \frac{2}{P} )
  • D) ( f = P^2 )
    Answer: A) ( f = \frac{1}{P} )

8. Two points A and B are maintained at a potential of ( V_A ) and ( V_B ) respectively. The work done in moving 50 electrons from A to B is:

  • A) ( W = 50 e (V_B – V_A) )
  • B) ( W = 50 e (V_A – V_B) )
  • C) ( W = 0 )
  • D) ( W = 50 (V_B + V_A) )
    Answer: A) ( W = 50 e (V_B – V_A) )

9. The unit of electric field strength is:

  • A) Volt
  • B) Ampere
  • C) Newton per Coulomb
  • D) Ohm
    Answer: C) Newton per Coulomb

10. What type of mirror always produces a virtual image?

  • A) Plane mirror
  • B) Convex mirror
  • C) Concave mirror
  • D) Both A and B
    Answer: D) Both A and B

11. The frequency of a wave is inversely proportional to its:

  • A) Wavelength
  • B) Amplitude
  • C) Speed
  • D) Energy
    Answer: A) Wavelength

12. What is the relationship between the angles of incidence and refraction given by Snell’s law?

  • A) ( n_1 \sin(\theta_1) = n_2 \sin(\theta_2) )
  • B) ( n_1 + n_2 = \theta_1 + \theta_2 )
  • C) ( n_1 = n_2 )
  • D) ( \theta_1 + \theta_2 = 90^\circ )
    Answer: A) ( n_1 \sin(\theta_1) = n_2 \sin(\theta_2) )

13. Which of the following is a characteristic of a sound wave?

  • A) It can travel through a vacuum
  • B) It requires a medium to travel
  • C) It travels faster than light
  • D) It is an electromagnetic wave
    Answer: B) It requires a medium to travel

14. The phenomenon of a wave bending around an obstacle is known as:

  • A) Reflection
  • B) Refraction
  • C) Diffraction
  • D) Dispersion
    Answer: C) Diffraction

15. What is the principle behind the operation of a transformer?

  • A) Conservation of energy
  • B) Faraday’s Law of Induction
  • C) Coulomb’s Law
  • D) Ohm’s Law
    Answer: B) Faraday’s Law of Induction

16. In a circuit, what device is used to store electrical energy?

  • A) Resistor
  • B) Capacitor
  • C) Inductor
  • D) Diode
    Answer: B) Capacitor

17. The speed of light in a vacuum is approximately:

  • A) ( 3 \times 10^6 ) m/s
  • B) ( 3 \times 10^8 ) m/s
  • C) ( 3 \times 10^4 ) m/s
  • D) ( 3 \times 10^{10} ) m/s
    Answer: B) ( 3 \times 10^8 ) m/s

18. The critical angle for total internal reflection occurs when:

  • A) Light travels from a medium of higher refractive index to lower refractive index
  • B) Light travels from a medium of lower refractive index to higher refractive index
  • C) The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of refraction
  • D) None of the above
    Answer: A) Light travels from a medium of higher refractive index to lower refractive index

19. The Doppler effect is observed when:

  • A) An object is moving away from a stationary observer
  • B) An object is stationary and the observer is moving
  • C) There is a change in frequency due to relative motion between a source and an observer
  • D) All of the above
    Answer: C) There is a change in frequency due to relative motion between a source and an observer

20. What is the formula for calculating the electric potential energy ( U ) between two charges ( q_1 ) and ( q_2 ) separated by a distance ( r )?

  • A) ( U = k \frac{q_1 q_2}{r} )
  • B) ( U = k \frac{q_1 q_2}{r^2} )
  • C) ( U = \frac{q_1 q_2}{r} )
  • D) ( U = k \frac{q_1 + q_2}{r} )
    Answer: A) ( U = k \frac{q_1 q_2}{r} )

21. A convex lens is used to:

  • A) Diverge light rays
  • B) Converge light rays
  • C) Reflect light rays
  • D) Absorb light rays
    Answer: B) Converge light rays

22. Which of the following is true about electromagnetic waves?

  • A) They can travel through a vacuum.
  • B) They require a medium to propagate.
  • C) They have a frequency of zero.
  • D) They cannot travel in a vacuum.
    Answer: A) They can travel through a vacuum.

23. The amplitude of a wave is:

  • A) The distance between two consecutive crests
  • B) The maximum displacement from the rest position
  • C) The time period of the wave
  • D) The speed of the wave
    Answer: B) The maximum displacement from the rest position

24. In a series circuit, the total voltage is equal to:

  • A) The sum of the individual voltages across each component
  • B) The product of the individual voltages
  • C) The highest voltage in the circuit
  • D) The average of the voltages
    Answer: A) The sum of the individual voltages across each component

25. What is the primary function of a transformer?

  • A) To convert AC to DC
  • B) To increase or decrease AC voltage
  • C) To store electrical energy
  • D) To measure current
    Answer: B) To increase or decrease AC voltage

26. In which type of wave do particles of the medium move perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation?

  • A) Longitudinal waves
  • B) Transverse waves
  • C) Surface waves
  • D) None of the above
    Answer: B) Transverse waves

27. The work done in moving a charge ( q ) through a potential difference ( V ) is given by:

  • A) ( W = qV )
  • B) ( W = \frac{q}{V} )
  • C) ( W = V^2/q )
  • D) ( W = q + V )
    Answer: A) ( W = qV )

28. Which phenomenon explains the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another?

  • A) Reflection
  • B) Refraction
  • C) Diffraction
  • D) Dispersion
    Answer: B) Refraction

29. The SI unit of capacitance is:

  • A) Volt
  • B) Ampere
  • C) Farad
  • D) Coulomb
    Answer: C) Farad

30. The primary cause of the Doppler effect is:

  • A) Change in amplitude
  • B) Change in frequency due to relative motion
  • C) Change in wavelength
  • D) All of the above
    Answer: B) Change in frequency due to relative motion

31. A standing wave is formed by:

  • A) Two waves traveling in the same direction
  • B) Two waves traveling in opposite directions
  • C) A single wave reflecting back
  • D) None of the above
    Answer: B) Two waves traveling in opposite directions

32. The speed of sound is generally fastest in:

  • A) Air
  • B) Water
  • C) Steel
  • D) Vacuum
    Answer: C) Steel

33. The frequency of a wave can be calculated using:

  • A) ( f = \frac{1}{T} )
  • B) ( f = \lambda \cdot T )
  • C) ( f = v \cdot \lambda )
  • D) Both A and C
    Answer: D) Both A and C

34. Which of the following laws states that the total current entering a junction equals the total current leaving the junction?

  • A) Ohm’s Law
  • B) Kirchhoff’s Current Law
  • C) Faraday’s Law
  • D) Coulomb’s Law
    Answer: B) Kirchhoff’s Current Law

35. An object moving in a circular path at constant speed has:

  • A) Zero acceleration
  • B) Constant velocity
  • C) Constant acceleration
  • D) Increasing speed
    Answer: C) Constant acceleration

36. The lens formula for thin lenses is given by:

  • A) ( \frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{d_o} + \frac{1}{d_i} )
  • B) ( f = d_o + d_i )
  • C) ( f = d_o \cdot d_i )
  • D) ( \frac{1}{f} = d_o – d_i )
    Answer: A) ( \frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{d_o} + \frac{1}{d_i} )

37. The property of light that allows it to change direction when passing from one medium to another is:

  • A) Reflection
  • B) Refraction
  • C) Absorption
  • D) Transmission
    Answer: B) Refraction

38. The resistance ( R ) in a circuit can be calculated using:

  • A) ( R = \frac{V}{I} )
  • B) ( R = VI )
  • C) ( R = V + I )
  • D) ( R = \frac{I}{V} )
    Answer: A) ( R = \frac{V}{I} )

39. Which of the following devices converts mechanical energy into electrical energy?

  • A) Generator
  • B) Motor
  • C) Transformer
  • D) Resistor
    Answer: A) Generator

40. The electric field inside a conductor in electrostatic equilibrium is:

  • A) Maximum
  • B) Minimum
  • C) Zero
  • D) Constant
    Answer: C) Zero

41. What is the primary purpose of a capacitor in an electric circuit?

  • A) To store energy
  • B) To increase current
  • C) To decrease voltage
  • D) To measure resistance
    Answer: A) To store energy

42. The force on a charged particle moving in a magnetic field is given by:

  • A) ( F = qE )
  • B) ( F = qvB \sin(\theta) )
  • C) ( F = mv^2/r )
  • D) ( F = k \frac{q_1 q_2}{r^2} )
    Answer: B) ( F = qvB \sin(\theta) )

43. The frequency of electromagnetic waves is directly proportional to:

  • A) Wavelength
  • B) Speed of light
  • C) Amplitude
  • D) Energy
    Answer: D) Energy

44. The work done on an object is equal to:

  • A) The force multiplied by the distance moved
  • B) The mass times the acceleration
  • C) The change in momentum
  • D) All of the above
    Answer: A) The force multiplied by the distance moved

45. When light travels from a medium with a lower refractive index to a higher refractive index, it:

  • A) Bends away from the normal
  • B) Bends towards the normal
  • C) Travels in a straight line
  • D) Gets absorbed
    Answer: B) Bends towards the normal

46. The intensity of a sound wave is proportional to the square of its:

  • A) Frequency
  • B) Amplitude
  • C) Wavelength
  • D) Speed
    Answer: B) Amplitude

47. The law that describes the relationship between the current and voltage in an electrical circuit is known as:

  • A) Newton’s Law
  • B) Ohm’s Law
  • C) Faraday’s Law
  • D) Kirchhoff’s Law
    Answer: B) Ohm’s Law

48. In an electromagnetic wave, the electric and magnetic fields are:

  • A) In phase and perpendicular to each other
  • B) Out of phase and parallel to each other
  • C) In phase and parallel to each other
  • D) Perpendicular and independent
    Answer: A) In phase and perpendicular to each other

49. The phenomenon where light separates into its constituent colors when passing through a prism is called:

  • A) Reflection
  • B) Refraction
  • C) Diffraction
  • D) Dispersion
    Answer: D) Dispersion

50. Which of the following statements about sound waves is true?

  • A) They are electromagnetic waves.
  • B) They can travel through a vacuum.
  • C) They are longitudinal waves.
  • D) They have no frequency.
    Answer: C) They are longitudinal waves.

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