EBSU Past Questions
GST 102 Past Questions and Answers 2025
GST 102 (Carryover) Past Questions and Answers – GST102
- Reincarnation and Witchcraft is a topic which usually appears under which of the following Philosophy
- A. Nigerian Philosophy
- B. European Philosophy
- C. American Philosophy
- D. African Philosophy
Correct Answer: D. African Philosophy
Explanation: Reincarnation and witchcraft are topics commonly associated with African belief systems and cultural practices, making them fitting subjects of African Philosophy.
- The Rule of correct thinking is
- A. Philosophy
- B. Logic
- C. Epistemology
- D. Empiricism
Correct Answer: B. Logic
Explanation: Logic provides the principles and methods for correct reasoning and deduction.
- The Law of Contradiction stated that
- A. Two statements can both be true
- B. No statement can both be true and false
- C. All statements made are false
- D. No answer
Correct Answer: B. No statement can both be true and false
Explanation: This law holds that a proposition cannot be both true and false at the same time without contradiction.
- The Definitions of Philosophy can be exhausted
- A. True
- B. False
Correct Answer: B. False
Explanation: Philosophy is a dynamic field with evolving ideas; its definitions cannot be fully exhausted.
- Speculative philosophers uses logic to make their systems
- A. Intelligible and persuasive
- B. Strong and beautiful
- C. No answer
- D. Peace and unity
Correct Answer: A. Intelligible and persuasive
Explanation: Speculative philosophers aim for clarity (intelligibility) and convincing argumentation (persuasiveness).
- The critical philosophers uses logic to
- A. Subject viewpoints to critical decisions
- B. Subject viewpoints
- C. Subject debates on an issue
- D. To make the nation stable
Correct Answer: A. Subject viewpoints to critical decisions
Explanation: They apply logic to scrutinize perspectives in order to arrive at well-reasoned decisions.
- The Western Philosophy is divided into the following periods
- A. Ancient, Medieval, Modern
- B. Ancient, Modern, Classical
- C. Modern, Ancient, Classical
- D. Modern, Ancient, Medieval
Correct Answer: A. Ancient, Medieval, Modern
Explanation: Western Philosophy is conventionally categorized into Ancient, Medieval, and Modern eras.
- The two main divisions of Metaphysics are
- A. Idealism and Materialism
- B. Physical and Standard
- C. Ontology and Cosmology
- D. Psychology and Theology
Correct Answer: A. Idealism and Materialism
Explanation: Metaphysics splits primarily into Idealism (reality is mental) and Materialism (reality is physical).
- The Rationalism School is of the view that
- A. Knowledge involves thinking and reasoning
- B. Knowledge involves praying to God
- C. Knowledge involves the use of senses
- D. Knowledge is light
Correct Answer: A. Knowledge involves thinking and reasoning
Explanation: Rationalists emphasize a priori reasoning as the source of valid knowledge.
- The best way to define philosophy is
- A. To look at the various ways in which philosophers have presented philosophy
- B. To look at the origin of philosophers
- C. To call on professional philosophers
- D. Not to define philosophy
Correct Answer: A. To look at the various ways in which philosophers have presented philosophy
Explanation: Examining diverse philosophical presentations captures its multifaceted nature.
- The Law of Identity stated that
- A. If any statement is true, then it is true
- B. If any statement is false then it is true
- C. If any statement is true then it is false
- D. No statement can both be true
Correct Answer: A. If any statement is true, then it is true
Explanation: The Law of Identity asserts that each thing is identical to itself.
- The Western Philosophy is basically divided into how many parts
- A. 3
- B. 5
- C. 2
- D. 1
Correct Answer: A. 3
Explanation: Ancient, Medieval, and Modern constitute the three main parts.
- In recorded History Thales believed that the Unity of things comes from
- A. Water
- B. Air
- C. Apeiron
- D. Fire
Correct Answer: A. Water
Explanation: Thales held that water is the primary substance unifying all things.
- Existentialism postulated that
- A. Existence precedes Essence
- B. Man existed and then dies
- C. God created man to worship him
- D. Essence comes before Existence
Correct Answer: A. Existence precedes Essence
Explanation: Existentialist thought holds that individuals define their essence through existence.
- Sultan: All men are mortal
Deji: Ife is a man
Oyin: Ife is mortal
Who made the major premiss?- A. Sultan
- B. Deji
- C. Oyin
- D. Ife
Correct Answer: A. Sultan
Explanation: “All men are mortal” is the major premise, stated by Sultan.
- Ignoratio Elenchi means
- A. Irrelevant Conclusion
- B. Complex Question
- C. Fallacy of Accident
- D. Love of Fallacy
Correct Answer: A. Irrelevant Conclusion
Explanation: It refers to arguing a point that misses the issue’s actual conclusion.
- The following are types of Fallacy of Ambiguity EXCEPT
- A. Fallacy of Equivocation
- B. Fallacy of Amphiboly
- C. Fallacy of Composition
- D. Argumentum ad Baculum
Correct Answer: D. Argumentum ad Baculum
Explanation: Argumentum ad Baculum is a relevance fallacy, not ambiguity.
- Fallacy can be categorized basically into
- A. Fallacy of Ambiguity, Fallacy of Relevance
- B. Fallacy of Ambiguity and Fallacy of Equivocation
- C. Fallacy of Relevance and Ignoratio Elenchi
- D. Fallacy of Ambiguity only
Correct Answer: A. Fallacy of Ambiguity, Fallacy of Relevance
Explanation: These are the two broad categories of fallacious argument.
- In Symbolic Logic, OR/EITHER is represented by
- A. V
- B. .
- C. /
- D. No answer
Correct Answer: A. V
Explanation: The disjunction “or” is denoted by the symbol ∨ (V).
- The way a philosopher perceives philosophy is often coloured by
- A. All answers are correct
- B. His peculiar experience
- C. His orientation
- D. His circumstances and environment
Correct Answer: A. All answers are correct
Explanation: Experience, orientation, and environment all shape philosophical outlooks.
- Philosophy is coined from two GREEK words, which are
- A. Philien Sophia
- B. Philien Sophie
- C. Philosophia
- D. Filosofi
Correct Answer: A. Philien Sophia
Explanation: Philo- (love) + -sophia (wisdom) form “philosophy.”
- Who founded the SOCRATIC DIALOGUE
- A. Plato
- B. Hegel
- C. Thales
- D. Anaximander
Correct Answer: A. Plato
Explanation: Plato developed and recorded Socratic dialogue in his writings.
- One of the reply against the Modernist argument on African Philosophy is
- A. African Philosophy is the Cultural part of the Western Philosophy
- B. African too should stay alone
- C. African needs to be independent of Philosophy
- D. No answer
Correct Answer: A. African Philosophy is the Cultural part of the Western Philosophy
Explanation: This counters the view that African Philosophy is entirely separate or inferior.
- The term Metaphysics was coined by
- A. Andronicus
- B. Heraclitus
- C. Thales
- D. Aristotle
Correct Answer: A. Andronicus
Explanation: Andronicus of Rhodes first labeled Aristotle’s post-Physics works “Metaphysics.”
- Honcho: “Marvellous has not been to London before. She does not know London exists, therefore London does not exist.” What type of Fallacy is this?
- A. Argumentum ad Ignorantiam
- B. Argumentum ad Hominem
- C. Argumentum ad Populum
- D. Ignoratio Elenchi
Correct Answer: A. Argumentum ad Ignorantiam
Explanation: Concluding nonexistence from ignorance exemplifies appeal to ignorance.
- If the truth is demonstrable or practicable then, the truth is
- A. Pragmatic
- B. Disclosure
- C. Correspondence
- D. Coherence
Correct Answer: A. Pragmatic
Explanation: Pragmatic theory ties truth to practical demonstrability.
- Peter Bodunrin holds the view that
- A. Philosophy is basically Western Philosophy
- B. African Philosophy is a good philosophy
- C. African should not be a philosopher
- D. African Philosophy should not be trusted
Correct Answer: A. Philosophy is basically Western Philosophy
Explanation: Bodunrin argues that philosophy’s core methods stem from Western traditions.
- The scope of Logic is said to include all the following except
- A. French
- B. Dialectics
- C. Sophistry
- D. Mathematics
Correct Answer: A. French
Explanation: “French” is not a subfield of logic, whereas the others pertain to reasoning forms.
- The Empiricism postulated that
- A. Knowledge involves the use of the senses
- B. Knowledge is acquired by studying
- C. Knowledge is light
- D. No one can know anything for certain
Correct Answer: A. Knowledge involves the use of the senses
Explanation: Empiricism asserts that sensory experience grounds all knowledge.
- During the Medieval Period, which Philosophy was Introduced
- A. The Christianity Philosophy
- B. The Muslim Philosophy
- C. The Traditional Philosophy
- D. No answer
Correct Answer: A. The Christianity Philosophy
Explanation: Christian theology shaped Medieval philosophical inquiry.
- The definition “Philosophy as a reflection on human experience” is broadly based because of the followings except
- A. Wealth
- B. Circumstances
- C. Age
- D. Environment
Correct Answer: A. Wealth
Explanation: Wealth is not typically cited as a broadening factor for human experience in this definition.
- One of the following is associated with “Deductive Reasoning”
- A. Validity
- B. True
- C. Probability
- D. Sound
Correct Answer: A. Validity
Explanation: Deductive arguments are evaluated primarily for validity (and then soundness).
- The “Apeiron” means
- A. The boundless
- B. The unboundless
- C. The beyonce
- D. Material World
Correct Answer: A. The boundless
Explanation: Apeiron denotes the infinite, limitless “boundless.”
- Which of the following movements was popularly known as Vienna Circle
- A. Logical Positivism
- B. Logical Atomism
- C. Language Philosophy
- D. Pragmatism
Correct Answer: A. Logical Positivism
Explanation: The Vienna Circle championed Logical Positivism in the early 20th century.
- Which of the following philosophers is in the Medieval Period
- A. No answer
- B. Thales
- C. Anaximander
- D. Hegel
Correct Answer: A. No answer
Explanation: None of the listed figures belong to the Medieval era.
- Philosophy as the Construction of “Epistemologies” is related to one of the Following Definitions of Philosophy
- A. The search for the Truth
- B. The search for the best form of life
- C. The rational study of Nature
- D. The Love of Wisdom
Correct Answer: A. The search for the Truth
Explanation: Constructing epistemologies is fundamentally about seeking truth.
- Which of the following relates a general (universal) truth to a specific (particular) truth
- A. Deductive Arguments
- B. Inductive Arguments
- C. Deductive Relation
- D. Inductive Relation
Correct Answer: A. Deductive Arguments
Explanation: Deduction applies universal premises to reach particular conclusions.
- Quyum: “That lightning caused this thunder.” What type of Fallacy is this?
- A. Fallacy of Equivocation
- B. False Cause
- C. Ignoratio Elenchi
- D. Argumentum ad Populum
Correct Answer: B. False Cause
Explanation: Mistaking correlation (lightning & thunder) for causation is the False Cause fallacy.
- If it is bringing what is obscure into limelight then the truth is
- A. Disclosure
- B. Pragmatic
- C. Correspondence
- D. Coherence
Correct Answer: A. Disclosure
Explanation: Disclosure refers to revealing or making clear what was hidden.
- In this new millennium what should consist of African Philosophy is
- A. Intersubjective consensus
- B. Politics
- C. Education
- D. Witchcraft
Correct Answer: A. Intersubjective consensus
Explanation: Emphasizing shared, communal understanding advances contemporary African Philosophy.
- The Quantification Theory was discovered by ________
Correct Answer: Frege
Explanation: Gottlob Frege is credited with founding modern quantification theory. - The Universal Quantification is represented by
- A. (x)
- B. (f)
- C. (u)
- D. (U)
Correct Answer: A. (x)
Explanation: Universal quantification uses the variable binding notation (x).
- Which of the following is not a movement in the 20th Century
- A. Epistemology
- B. Logical Positivism
- C. Philosophy of Analysis
- D. Existentialism
Correct Answer: A. Epistemology
Explanation: Epistemology is a branch of philosophy, not a distinct 20th century movement.
- ___________ was said to relate to experience but not derived from experience
- A. Synthetic A priori Knowledge
- B. A priori Knowledge
- C. Positivism
- D. Synthetic Knowledge
Correct Answer: A. Synthetic A priori Knowledge
Explanation: Kant’s “synthetic a priori” denotes truths about experience not learned from it.
- The Socratic dialogue was developed into a philosophy of the Absolute by
- A. Hegel
- B. Plato
- C. Peter Bodunrin
- D. Pauline Hountondji
Correct Answer: A. Hegel
Explanation: Hegel expanded Socratic method into his Absolute Idealism.
- One of the following is the African Logical Neo-Positivism argument against African Philosophy
- A. The term African in Philosophy debased Philosophy
- B. African Philosophy is full of Corruption
- C. African should not participate in defining Philosophy
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A. The term African in Philosophy debased Philosophy
Explanation: Neo-Positivists argue that labeling it “African” undermines its universality.
- One of the following is not a member of the Modernist School
- A. Campbell Momoh
- B. Kwasi Wiredu
- C. Gene Blocker
- D. Peter Bodunrin
Correct Answer: A. Campbell Momoh
Explanation: The others are recognized Modernist African philosophers.
- The exact and legitimate definition of Philosophy is
- A. The Love of Wisdom
- B. The Concern for Human Existence
- C. No answer
- D. The Reflection on Human Existence
Correct Answer: A. The Love of Wisdom
Explanation: Etymologically, philosophy literally means the love (philo-) of wisdom (-sophia).
- The idealist dictum; “Esse est percipi,” meaning “to be is to be perceived,” was made by
- A. Berkeley
- B. Kant
- C. Hegel
- D. Descartes
Correct Answer: A. Berkeley
Explanation: Bishop George Berkeley originated this foundational Idealist principle.