GST 105 Past Questions and Answers

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  1. What is the primary focus of environmental science?
    a) Studying the weather
    b) Understanding the interactions between humans and the environment
    c) Focusing only on biological systems
    d) Ignoring social factors
    Answer: b) Understanding the interactions between humans and the environment
  2. What does “sustainability” mean?
    a) Using resources without considering future generations
    b) Meeting the needs of the present without compromising future generations
    c) Reducing consumption to zero
    d) Focusing only on economic growth
    Answer: b) Meeting the needs of the present without compromising future generations
  3. What is a major consequence of deforestation?
    a) Increased biodiversity
    b) Climate change
    c) Improved air quality
    d) Greater agricultural output
    Answer: b) Climate change
  4. Which of the following is a greenhouse gas?
    a) Oxygen
    b) Nitrogen
    c) Carbon dioxide
    d) Hydrogen
    Answer: c) Carbon dioxide
  5. What does the term “biodiversity” refer to?
    a) The variety of life in a particular habitat or ecosystem
    b) The number of species in a single area
    c) The extinction of species
    d) The uniformity of life forms
    Answer: a) The variety of life in a particular habitat or ecosystem
  6. Which international agreement focuses on climate change?
    a) Kyoto Protocol
    b) Paris Agreement
    c) Montreal Protocol
    d) Geneva Conventions
    Answer: b) Paris Agreement
  7. What is an ecological footprint?
    a) A measure of human impact on the environment
    b) The distance traveled by wildlife
    c) The area of land owned by individuals
    d) The size of an ecosystem
    Answer: a) A measure of human impact on the environment
  8. What does “renewable energy” refer to?
    a) Energy from sources that can be replenished
    b) Energy that is non-sustainable
    c) Energy derived from fossil fuels
    d) Energy that is finite
    Answer: a) Energy from sources that can be replenished
  9. Which of the following is a consequence of climate change?
    a) Decreased sea levels
    b) More frequent extreme weather events
    c) Greater ice cover in polar regions
    d) Lower global temperatures
    Answer: b) More frequent extreme weather events
  10. What is the significance of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?
    a) They focus solely on economic development
    b) They aim to address global challenges including poverty, inequality, and climate change
    c) They are irrelevant to most countries
    d) They only focus on environmental issues
    Answer: b) They aim to address global challenges including poverty, inequality, and climate change
  11. Which of the following practices can help reduce waste?
    a) Recycling
    b) Throwing everything in the trash
    c) Overconsumption
    d) Ignoring waste management
    Answer: a) Recycling
  12. What does “pollution” refer to?
    a) The introduction of harmful substances into the environment
    b) Clean air and water
    c) Sustainable practices
    d) The preservation of ecosystems
    Answer: a) The introduction of harmful substances into the environment
  13. What is the main goal of conservation efforts?
    a) To exploit natural resources
    b) To preserve natural habitats and biodiversity
    c) To ignore environmental issues
    d) To increase urban development
    Answer: b) To preserve natural habitats and biodiversity
  14. Which of the following is a common form of renewable energy?
    a) Coal
    b) Solar energy
    c) Natural gas
    d) Nuclear energy
    Answer: b) Solar energy
  15. What is the role of environmental regulations?
    a) To promote industrial growth without limits
    b) To protect the environment and public health
    c) To increase pollution levels
    d) To reduce public awareness
    Answer: b) To protect the environment and public health
  16. What does the term “sustainable agriculture” mean?
    a) Farming practices that do not consider environmental impacts
    b) Agricultural methods that maintain soil health and reduce environmental harm
    c) Increasing chemical usage in farming
    d) Ignoring crop rotation
    Answer: b) Agricultural methods that maintain soil health and reduce environmental harm
  17. What is the impact of urbanization on the environment?
    a) Decreased population density
    b) Increased demand for resources and pollution
    c) Reduced transportation needs
    d) Greater biodiversity
    Answer: b) Increased demand for resources and pollution
  18. Which of the following is a primary cause of habitat destruction?
    a) Conservation efforts
    b) Urban development and agriculture
    c) Sustainable forestry
    d) Wildlife protection
    Answer: b) Urban development and agriculture
  19. What is “climate adaptation”?
    a) Changing climates to suit human needs
    b) Adjusting practices to minimize damage from climate change
    c) Ignoring climate change impacts
    d) Sticking to traditional methods
    Answer: b) Adjusting practices to minimize damage from climate change
  20. What does “environmental justice” mean?
    a) Equal access to environmental resources for all people
    b) Prioritizing the needs of affluent communities
    c) Ignoring marginalized communities
    d) Focusing solely on economic development
    Answer: a) Equal access to environmental resources for all people
  21. Which of the following is a benefit of reforestation?
    a) Increased carbon emissions
    b) Restoration of habitats and biodiversity
    c) Urban expansion
    d) Deforestation
    Answer: b) Restoration of habitats and biodiversity
  22. What is a “carbon footprint”?
    a) A measure of the total greenhouse gases emitted by an individual or organization
    b) A physical mark left by a vehicle
    c) The size of a building
    d) The amount of water used
    Answer: a) A measure of the total greenhouse gases emitted by an individual or organization
  23. Which of the following is a consequence of overfishing?
    a) Increased fish populations
    b) Depletion of fish stocks
    c) Improved marine biodiversity
    d) Enhanced fish habitats
    Answer: b) Depletion of fish stocks
  24. What is the importance of wetlands in the ecosystem?
    a) They have no importance
    b) They filter pollutants and provide habitats
    c) They increase flooding risks
    d) They contribute to desertification
    Answer: b) They filter pollutants and provide habitats
  25. What is “greenwashing”?
    a) Genuine efforts to protect the environment
    b) Misleading claims made by companies to appear environmentally friendly
    c) The process of cleaning polluted water
    d) A method for sustainable agriculture
    Answer: b) Misleading claims made by companies to appear environmentally friendly
  26. What is a major benefit of using public transportation?
    a) Increased traffic congestion
    b) Reduction in carbon emissions
    c) Higher costs for consumers
    d) Greater reliance on personal vehicles
    Answer: b) Reduction in carbon emissions
  27. What is the primary goal of recycling?
    a) To waste resources
    b) To conserve natural resources and reduce waste
    c) To increase pollution
    d) To ignore waste management
    Answer: b) To conserve natural resources and reduce waste
  28. Which of the following best describes a “sustainable community”?
    a) A community that ignores environmental issues
    b) A community that balances economic, social, and environmental needs
    c) A community focused solely on economic growth
    d) A community without any regulations
    Answer: b) A community that balances economic, social, and environmental needs
  29. What is the impact of plastic pollution on marine life?
    a) It has no impact
    b) It harms marine species and disrupts ecosystems
    c) It improves ocean health
    d) It increases biodiversity
    Answer: b) It harms marine species and disrupts ecosystems
  30. What does “ecosystem services” refer to?
    a) Services provided by human-made systems
    b) Benefits provided by natural ecosystems to humans
    c) The cost of environmental protection
    d) Urban development projects
    Answer: b) Benefits provided by natural ecosystems to humans
  31. Which of the following is a major source of freshwater?
    a) Oceans
    b) Rivers and lakes
    c) Deserts
    d) Industrial waste
    Answer: b) Rivers and lakes
  32. What is the purpose of environmental impact assessments (EIAs)?
    a) To ignore environmental factors in projects
    b) To evaluate the potential environmental effects of proposed projects
    c) To promote economic development without limits
    d) To increase pollution
    Answer: b) To evaluate the potential environmental effects of proposed projects
  33. What is a “sustainable city”?
    a) A city focused solely on industrial growth
    b) A city that incorporates eco-friendly practices in planning and development
    c) A city without regulations
    d) A city that ignores environmental challenges
    Answer: b) A city that incorporates eco-friendly practices in planning and development
  34. Which of the following is an effect of soil erosion?
    a) Increased agricultural productivity
    b) Loss of fertile land and reduced crop yields
    c) Improved water quality
    d) Enhanced biodiversity
    Answer: b) Loss of fertile land and reduced crop yields
  35. What is the primary objective of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)?
    a) To promote war
    b) To coordinate global efforts for environmental sustainability
    c) To ignore climate change
    d) To focus solely on economic growth
    Answer: b) To coordinate global efforts for environmental sustainability
  36. Which of the following is a common consequence of industrial pollution?
    a) Improved public health
    b) Decreased biodiversity
    c) Increased availability of clean water
    d) Better agricultural practices
    Answer: b) Decreased biodiversity
  37. What is the role of green buildings?
    a) To increase resource consumption
    b) To enhance energy efficiency and reduce environmental impact
    c) To ignore sustainable practices
    d) To focus solely on aesthetics
    Answer: b) To enhance energy efficiency and reduce environmental impact
  38. What is the significance of protecting endangered species?
    a) It has no significance
    b) It helps maintain biodiversity and ecosystem balance
    c) It increases resource exploitation
    d) It focuses solely on economic gain
    Answer: b) It helps maintain biodiversity and ecosystem balance
  39. Which of the following practices contributes to soil degradation?
    a) Crop rotation
    b) Overgrazing
    c) Sustainable farming
    d) Organic farming
    Answer: b) Overgrazing
  40. What is the concept of “circular economy”?
    a) A system that promotes waste and resource depletion
    b) An economic model that focuses on recycling, reusing, and reducing waste
    c) A model that ignores environmental factors
    d) A system focused solely on linear consumption
    Answer: b) An economic model that focuses on recycling, reusing, and reducing waste
  41. What does “energy conservation” involve?
    a) Using more energy than necessary
    b) Reducing energy consumption through efficient practices
    c) Ignoring energy sources
    d) Increasing waste
    Answer: b) Reducing energy consumption through efficient practices
  42. What is the significance of environmental education?
    a) To ignore ecological issues
    b) To raise awareness and promote sustainable practices
    c) To focus solely on economic growth
    d) To promote pollution
    Answer: b) To raise awareness and promote sustainable practices
  43. Which of the following is a method to conserve water?
    a) Overwatering plants
    b) Implementing rainwater harvesting systems
    c) Ignoring leaks
    d) Increasing consumption
    Answer: b) Implementing rainwater harvesting systems
  44. What is the impact of overconsumption on the environment?
    a) It benefits the ecosystem
    b) It leads to resource depletion and increased waste
    c) It promotes sustainability
    d) It has no impact
    Answer: b) It leads to resource depletion and increased waste
  45. What does the term “environmental stewardship” mean?
    a) Ignoring environmental issues
    b) Responsible management of the environment
    c) Focusing solely on economic gain
    d) Promoting unsustainable practices
    Answer: b) Responsible management of the environment
  46. Which of the following is a challenge of climate change?
    a) Stabilized ecosystems
    b) Increased food security
    c) Rising sea levels and extreme weather events
    d) Enhanced biodiversity
    Answer: c) Rising sea levels and extreme weather events
  47. What is the role of international environmental agreements?
    a) To ignore environmental issues
    b) To promote cooperation and action against global environmental challenges
    c) To encourage pollution
    d) To focus only on national interests
    Answer: b) To promote cooperation and action against global environmental challenges
  48. Which of the following is a benefit of sustainable tourism?
    a) Increased environmental degradation
    b) Preservation of natural and cultural resources
    c) Overcrowding in popular destinations
    d) High carbon emissions
    Answer: b) Preservation of natural and cultural resources
  49. What is the significance of organic farming?
    a) It promotes chemical use
    b) It focuses on environmentally friendly practices and biodiversity
    c) It increases soil degradation
    d) It ignores sustainability
    Answer: b) It focuses on environmentally friendly practices and biodiversity
  50. What does “social sustainability” encompass?
    a) Focusing solely on economic growth
    b) Promoting social equity, cultural diversity, and community well-being
    c) Ignoring social issues
    d) Environmental degradation
    Answer: b) Promoting social equity, cultural diversity, and community well-being

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