1. What is the primary purpose of using a balance in the laboratory?
A) To measure volume
B) To measure mass
C) To mix solutions
D) To heat substances
Answer: B) To measure mass
2. Which of the following is a safety precaution when working with acids?
A) Always use glass containers
B) Pour acid into water, not water into acid
C) Wear gloves only
D) Work in a closed space
Answer: B) Pour acid into water, not water into acid
3. In titration, the solution of known concentration is called the:
A) Titrant
B) Analyte
C) Solvent
D) Indicator
Answer: A) Titrant
4. What is the purpose of using an indicator in a titration?
A) To increase the reaction rate
B) To change color at the endpoint
C) To dilute the solution
D) To react with the solvent
Answer: B) To change color at the endpoint
5. Which piece of equipment is used to measure the volume of a liquid accurately?
A) Beaker
B) Graduated cylinder
C) Erlenmeyer flask
D) Test tube
Answer: B) Graduated cylinder
6. Which of the following techniques is used to separate mixtures based on differences in boiling points?
A) Filtration
B) Distillation
C) Chromatography
D) Centrifugation
Answer: B) Distillation
7. What is the purpose of a fume hood in a laboratory?
A) To provide additional storage
B) To protect users from harmful fumes
C) To increase temperature
D) To reduce noise
Answer: B) To protect users from harmful fumes
8. In chromatography, the stationary phase is:
A) The mobile solvent
B) The phase that remains fixed
C) The phase that moves
D) The heat source
Answer: B) The phase that remains fixed
9. What is the first step you should take in case of a chemical spill?
A) Clean it up immediately
B) Alert your instructor
C) Ignore it
D) Add more chemicals
Answer: B) Alert your instructor
10. Which instrument is used to measure pH?
A) Thermometer
B) pH meter
C) Spectrophotometer
D) Calorimeter
Answer: B) pH meter
11. The process of removing impurities from a solution is known as:
A) Filtration
B) Extraction
C) Crystallization
D) Purification
Answer: D) Purification
12. When heating a liquid in a test tube, you should:
A) Point the open end toward yourself
B) Heat the liquid quickly
C) Use a boiling chip
D) Cover the test tube with a stopper
Answer: C) Use a boiling chip
13. What is the purpose of a Bunsen burner in the laboratory?
A) To cool substances
B) To provide heat
C) To measure gases
D) To hold samples
Answer: B) To provide heat
14. Which of the following techniques would be best for separating a solid from a liquid?
A) Filtration
B) Distillation
C) Evaporation
D) Chromatography
Answer: A) Filtration
15. In a lab, how should you dispose of broken glassware?
A) In the regular trash
B) In a designated glass disposal container
C) By throwing it in the sink
D) By burying it in the ground
Answer: B) In a designated glass disposal container
16. What does the term “meniscus” refer to?
A) The curve of a liquid in a tube
B) The temperature of a liquid
C) The density of a liquid
D) The volume of a liquid
Answer: A) The curve of a liquid in a tube
17. When measuring liquid volume, you should read the meniscus at:
A) The top of the curve
B) The bottom of the curve
C) Eye level
D) Any position
Answer: C) Eye level
18. What is the correct order for the steps in the scientific method?
A) Observation, Hypothesis, Experiment, Conclusion
B) Experiment, Hypothesis, Observation, Conclusion
C) Conclusion, Experiment, Observation, Hypothesis
D) Hypothesis, Observation, Conclusion, Experiment
Answer: A) Observation, Hypothesis, Experiment, Conclusion
19. Which of the following indicates a chemical reaction has occurred?
A) Change in color
B) Formation of gas
C) Formation of a precipitate
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
20. When performing a dilution, which equation is commonly used?
A) C₁V₁ = C₂V₂
B) C = m/V
C) V = m/p
D) P = F/A
Answer: A) C₁V₁ = C₂V₂
21. A reagent that changes color in response to pH is called a:
A) Solvent
B) Titrant
C) Buffer
D) Indicator
Answer: D) Indicator
22. What type of glassware is best for mixing solutions?
A) Beaker
B) Volumetric flask
C) Graduated cylinder
D) Test tube
Answer: A) Beaker
23. In a reaction, the limiting reagent is:
A) The reagent present in excess
B) The reagent that gets completely consumed
C) The reagent that determines the reaction rate
D) The reagent that forms the desired product
Answer: B) The reagent that gets completely consumed
24. Which of the following is NOT a common method of separation?
A) Filtration
B) Distillation
C) Activation
D) Chromatography
Answer: C) Activation
25. When performing a titration, the endpoint is reached when:
A) The solution is colorless
B) The solution turns pink
C) The indicator changes color
D) The solution bubbles
Answer: C) The indicator changes color
26. Which of the following substances is most likely to be used as a primary standard in titrations?
A) Sulfuric acid
B) Sodium chloride
C) Potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP)
D) Hydrochloric acid
Answer: C) Potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP)
27. The correct way to dilute an acid is to:
A) Add acid to water
B) Add water to acid
C) Mix acid and water in equal proportions
D) Heat the acid before dilution
Answer: A) Add acid to water
28. Which piece of equipment is used to heat substances evenly?
A) Bunsen burner
B) Hot plate
C) Test tube
D) Beaker
Answer: B) Hot plate
29. When measuring temperature in a laboratory, which instrument is used?
A) Barometer
B) Graduated cylinder
C) Thermometer
D) pH meter
Answer: C) Thermometer
30. The process of converting a solid directly into a gas is called:
A) Evaporation
B) Sublimation
C) Condensation
D) Melting
Answer: B) Sublimation
31. Which of the following is an example of a physical change?
A) Burning wood
B) Melting ice
C) Rusting iron
D) Digesting food
Answer: B) Melting ice
32. What is the main reason for using a control in an experiment?
A) To save time
B) To provide a comparison
C) To confuse the results
D) To increase complexity
Answer: B) To provide a comparison
33. In a laboratory, what does “MSDS” stand for?
A) Material Safety Data Sheet
B) Main Safety Data Sheet
C) Mandatory Safety Data Sheet
D) Mixed Safety Data Sheet
Answer: A) Material Safety Data Sheet
34. When performing a reaction, what is a common indicator that a gas is produced?
A) Color change
B) Bubbles
C) Temperature change
D) Precipitate formation
Answer: B) Bubbles
35. Which type of solution has a pH greater than 7?
A) Neutral
B) Acidic
C) Basic
D) Weak
Answer: C) Basic
36. A saturated solution is one that:
A) Contains no solute
B) Contains more solute than can dissolve
C) Contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve
D) Is in equilibrium with its solid phase
Answer: C) Contains the maximum amount of sol
ute that can dissolve
37. In an experiment, a hypothesis is:
A) A conclusion based on data
B) A testable prediction
C) A proven theory
D) An observation
Answer: B) A testable prediction
38. What type of bond is formed when electrons are shared between atoms?
A) Ionic bond
B) Covalent bond
C) Metallic bond
D) Hydrogen bond
Answer: B) Covalent bond
39. Which laboratory technique is used to determine the melting point of a substance?
A) Filtration
B) Chromatography
C) Recrystallization
D) Melting point determination
Answer: D) Melting point determination
40. The best way to ensure accurate measurements in a lab is to:
A) Use the same instrument for all measurements
B) Estimate the readings
C) Calibrate instruments regularly
D) Avoid using controls
Answer: C) Calibrate instruments regularly
41. Which type of glassware is used to prepare and store standard solutions?
A) Beaker
B) Volumetric flask
C) Graduated cylinder
D) Erlenmeyer flask
Answer: B) Volumetric flask
42. What is the term for the heat energy required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by one degree Celsius?
A) Heat capacity
B) Enthalpy
C) Specific heat
D) Thermal energy
Answer: C) Specific heat
43. Which of the following substances can act as a buffer?
A) Strong acids
B) Strong bases
C) A weak acid and its salt
D) Water
Answer: C) A weak acid and its salt
44. What is the primary use of a spectrophotometer in the lab?
A) To measure mass
B) To measure pH
C) To measure absorbance of light
D) To heat substances
Answer: C) To measure absorbance of light
45. Which type of reaction occurs when an acid reacts with a base?
A) Oxidation
B) Reduction
C) Neutralization
D) Precipitation
Answer: C) Neutralization
46. A characteristic of a chemical change is that it:
A) Is reversible
B) Does not produce new substances
C) Involves energy change
D) Always involves physical properties
Answer: C) Involves energy change
47. Which of the following is a strong acid?
A) Acetic acid
B) Hydrochloric acid
C) Citric acid
D) Carbonic acid
Answer: B) Hydrochloric acid
48. What is the purpose of a reagent in a chemical reaction?
A) To provide heat
B) To act as a catalyst
C) To undergo a chemical change
D) To dilute a solution
Answer: C) To undergo a chemical change
49. Which of the following is an intensive property?
A) Mass
B) Volume
C) Temperature
D) Total energy
Answer: C) Temperature
50. What type of bond is responsible for the high boiling point of water?
A) Ionic bonds
B) Covalent bonds
C) Hydrogen bonds
D) Van der Waals forces
Answer: C) Hydrogen bonds