Which of the following is the basic unit of life? a) Tissue b) Organ c) Cell d) Organism Answer: c) Cell
What is the primary function of ribosomes in a cell? a) Energy production b) Protein synthesis c) DNA replication d) Lipid storage Answer: b) Protein synthesis
Which process do plants use to convert sunlight into chemical energy? a) Cellular respiration b) Photosynthesis c) Fermentation d) Glycolysis Answer: b) Photosynthesis
What type of bond holds the two strands of DNA together? a) Ionic bonds b) Covalent bonds c) Hydrogen bonds d) Metallic bonds Answer: c) Hydrogen bonds
In the context of genetics, what does the term “phenotype” refer to? a) The genetic makeup of an organism b) The physical appearance of an organism c) The number of chromosomes d) The evolutionary history of an organism Answer: b) The physical appearance of an organism
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of living organisms? a) Growth b) Metabolism c) Reproduction d) Inertia Answer: d) Inertia
What is the function of the cell membrane? a) Energy production b) Protection against pathogens c) Regulation of entry and exit of substances d) Storage of genetic information Answer: c) Regulation of entry and exit of substances
Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information? a) Proteins b) Carbohydrates c) Lipids d) Nucleic acids Answer: d) Nucleic acids
What is the role of enzymes in biological reactions? a) They increase the temperature of the reaction. b) They slow down the reaction rate. c) They lower the activation energy needed for the reaction. d) They change the products of the reaction. Answer: c) They lower the activation energy needed for the reaction.
Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell? a) Nucleus b) Golgi apparatus c) Mitochondria d) Endoplasmic reticulum Answer: c) Mitochondria
What is the main component of the cell wall in plants? a) Protein b) Lipid c) Cellulose d) Nucleic acid Answer: c) Cellulose
Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis? a) Chloroplast b) Mitochondria c) Ribosome d) Nucleus Answer: a) Chloroplast
Which of the following processes occurs in the mitochondria? a) Photosynthesis b) Glycolysis c) Krebs cycle d) Protein synthesis Answer: c) Krebs cycle
The primary structure of proteins is determined by which of the following? a) Hydrogen bonds b) Peptide bonds c) Ionic bonds d) Disulfide bridges Answer: b) Peptide bonds
What is the role of chlorophyll in plants? a) Absorbs water b) Absorbs light energy c) Stores carbohydrates d) Synthesizes proteins Answer: b) Absorbs light energy
Which of the following is a type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome? a) mRNA b) tRNA c) rRNA d) sRNA Answer: b) tRNA
What is the term for a group of similar cells that perform a specific function? a) Organ b) Tissue c) Organ system d) Organism Answer: b) Tissue
Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton? a) Energy production b) Structural support c) Protein synthesis d) DNA replication Answer: b) Structural support
What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus? a) DNA synthesis b) Modifying and packaging proteins c) Lipid synthesis d) Energy production Answer: b) Modifying and packaging proteins
Which type of cell division produces gametes? a) Mitosis b) Binary fission c) Meiosis d) Budding Answer: c) Meiosis
What structure in plant cells allows for turgor pressure? a) Cell membrane b) Cytoplasm c) Cell wall d) Chloroplast Answer: c) Cell wall
Which of the following is a prokaryotic organism? a) Fungi b) Bacteria c) Plants d) Animals Answer: b) Bacteria
What is the main purpose of cellular respiration? a) To produce glucose b) To convert energy stored in food into usable energy c) To synthesize proteins d) To remove waste products Answer: b) To convert energy stored in food into usable energy
What is the liquid portion of the cell that contains organelles? a) Cytoplasm b) Nucleoplasm c) Plasma d) Protoplasm Answer: a) Cytoplasm
Which of the following is a characteristic of enzymes? a) They are consumed in the reaction. b) They are specific to their substrates. c) They increase the activation energy. d) They function at all temperatures. Answer: b) They are specific to their substrates.
What is the role of the nucleolus in a cell? a) DNA replication b) Ribosome production c) Protein synthesis d) Energy production Answer: b) Ribosome production
Which type of macromolecule are enzymes classified as? a) Nucleic acids b) Carbohydrates c) Lipids d) Proteins Answer: d) Proteins
What process describes the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane? a) Active transport b) Osmosis c) Diffusion d) Filtration Answer: b) Osmosis
Which part of the neuron receives signals? a) Axon b) Dendrites c) Soma d) Synapse Answer: b) Dendrites
Which of the following organelles is involved in the synthesis of lipids? a) Ribosome b) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum c) Golgi apparatus d) Rough endoplasmic reticulum Answer: b) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
What is the function of the lysosome? a) Energy production b) Digestion of macromolecules c) Protein synthesis d) DNA replication Answer: b) Digestion of macromolecules
Which of the following is a product of glycolysis? a) Oxygen b) Carbon dioxide c) Pyruvate d) Glucose Answer: c) Pyruvate
In which part of the cell does transcription occur? a) Cytoplasm b) Nucleus c) Ribosome d) Mitochondria Answer: b) Nucleus
What is the primary role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum? a) Lipid synthesis b) Protein synthesis c) Carbohydrate metabolism d) Energy production Answer: b) Protein synthesis
Which organ system is primarily responsible for transporting nutrients and gases? a) Digestive system b) Respiratory system c) Circulatory system d) Nervous system Answer: c) Circulatory system
What is the basic structural and functional unit of life? a) Tissue b) Cell c) Organ d) Organism Answer: b) Cell
Which process is used by cells to expel waste materials? a) Endocytosis b) Exocytosis c) Osmosis d) Diffusion Answer: b) Exocytosis
Which component of the cell is selectively permeable? a) Cytoplasm b) Cell wall c) Cell membrane d) Nucleus Answer: c) Cell membrane
Which organelle is responsible for detoxifying harmful substances? a) Ribosome b) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum c) Golgi apparatus d) Mitochondria Answer: b) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
What is the primary energy carrier in cells? a) Glucose b) ATP c) ADP d) NADH Answer: b) ATP
Which of the following is a function of the skeletal system? a) Producing hormones b) Protecting vital organs c) Transporting nutrients d) Regulating temperature Answer: b) Protecting vital organs
What is the main purpose of the integumentary system? a) To support the body b) To protect against pathogens c) To facilitate movement d) To control body functions Answer: b) To protect against pathogens
Which phase of the cell cycle involves DNA replication? a) G1 phase b) S phase c) G2 phase d) M phase Answer: b) S phase
Which of the following structures is found in prokaryotic cells? a) Nucleus b) Mitochondria c) Ribosomes d) Endoplasmic reticulum Answer: c) Ribosomes
Which component of the cell is responsible for energy production? a) Ribosomes b) Mitochondria c) Golgi apparatus d) Nucleus Answer: b) Mitochondria
What type of macromolecule are enzymes? a) Nucleic acids b) Carbohydrates c) Proteins d) Lipids Answer: c) Proteins
Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells? a) Lack of nucleus b) Membrane-bound organelles c) Circular DNA d) Unicellular only Answer: b) Membrane-bound organelles
What is the function of the pancreas in the digestive system? a) Producing bile b) Absorbing nutrients c) Producing digestive enzymes d) Storing glycogen Answer: c) Producing digestive enzymes
Which type of transport does NOT require energy? a) Active transport b) Passive transport c) Endocytosis d) Exocytosis Answer: b) Passive transport
What is the term for the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat? a) Population b) Community c) Biodiversity d) Ecosystem Answer: c) Biodiversity
