- Which of the following is the basic unit of life?
a) Tissue
b) Organ
c) Cell
d) Organism
Answer: c) Cell - What is the primary function of ribosomes in a cell?
a) Energy production
b) Protein synthesis
c) DNA replication
d) Lipid storage
Answer: b) Protein synthesis - Which process do plants use to convert sunlight into chemical energy?
a) Cellular respiration
b) Photosynthesis
c) Fermentation
d) Glycolysis
Answer: b) Photosynthesis - What type of bond holds the two strands of DNA together?
a) Ionic bonds
b) Covalent bonds
c) Hydrogen bonds
d) Metallic bonds
Answer: c) Hydrogen bonds - In the context of genetics, what does the term “phenotype” refer to?
a) The genetic makeup of an organism
b) The physical appearance of an organism
c) The number of chromosomes
d) The evolutionary history of an organism
Answer: b) The physical appearance of an organism - Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of living organisms?
a) Growth
b) Metabolism
c) Reproduction
d) Inertia
Answer: d) Inertia - What is the function of the cell membrane?
a) Energy production
b) Protection against pathogens
c) Regulation of entry and exit of substances
d) Storage of genetic information
Answer: c) Regulation of entry and exit of substances - Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information?
a) Proteins
b) Carbohydrates
c) Lipids
d) Nucleic acids
Answer: d) Nucleic acids - What is the role of enzymes in biological reactions?
a) They increase the temperature of the reaction.
b) They slow down the reaction rate.
c) They lower the activation energy needed for the reaction.
d) They change the products of the reaction.
Answer: c) They lower the activation energy needed for the reaction. - Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?
a) Nucleus
b) Golgi apparatus
c) Mitochondria
d) Endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: c) Mitochondria - What is the main component of the cell wall in plants?
a) Protein
b) Lipid
c) Cellulose
d) Nucleic acid
Answer: c) Cellulose - Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?
a) Chloroplast
b) Mitochondria
c) Ribosome
d) Nucleus
Answer: a) Chloroplast - Which of the following processes occurs in the mitochondria?
a) Photosynthesis
b) Glycolysis
c) Krebs cycle
d) Protein synthesis
Answer: c) Krebs cycle - The primary structure of proteins is determined by which of the following?
a) Hydrogen bonds
b) Peptide bonds
c) Ionic bonds
d) Disulfide bridges
Answer: b) Peptide bonds - What is the role of chlorophyll in plants?
a) Absorbs water
b) Absorbs light energy
c) Stores carbohydrates
d) Synthesizes proteins
Answer: b) Absorbs light energy - Which of the following is a type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome?
a) mRNA
b) tRNA
c) rRNA
d) sRNA
Answer: b) tRNA - What is the term for a group of similar cells that perform a specific function?
a) Organ
b) Tissue
c) Organ system
d) Organism
Answer: b) Tissue - Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?
a) Energy production
b) Structural support
c) Protein synthesis
d) DNA replication
Answer: b) Structural support - What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?
a) DNA synthesis
b) Modifying and packaging proteins
c) Lipid synthesis
d) Energy production
Answer: b) Modifying and packaging proteins - Which type of cell division produces gametes?
a) Mitosis
b) Binary fission
c) Meiosis
d) Budding
Answer: c) Meiosis - What structure in plant cells allows for turgor pressure?
a) Cell membrane
b) Cytoplasm
c) Cell wall
d) Chloroplast
Answer: c) Cell wall - Which of the following is a prokaryotic organism?
a) Fungi
b) Bacteria
c) Plants
d) Animals
Answer: b) Bacteria - What is the main purpose of cellular respiration?
a) To produce glucose
b) To convert energy stored in food into usable energy
c) To synthesize proteins
d) To remove waste products
Answer: b) To convert energy stored in food into usable energy - What is the liquid portion of the cell that contains organelles?
a) Cytoplasm
b) Nucleoplasm
c) Plasma
d) Protoplasm
Answer: a) Cytoplasm - Which of the following is a characteristic of enzymes?
a) They are consumed in the reaction.
b) They are specific to their substrates.
c) They increase the activation energy.
d) They function at all temperatures.
Answer: b) They are specific to their substrates. - What is the role of the nucleolus in a cell?
a) DNA replication
b) Ribosome production
c) Protein synthesis
d) Energy production
Answer: b) Ribosome production - Which type of macromolecule are enzymes classified as?
a) Nucleic acids
b) Carbohydrates
c) Lipids
d) Proteins
Answer: d) Proteins - What process describes the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane?
a) Active transport
b) Osmosis
c) Diffusion
d) Filtration
Answer: b) Osmosis - Which part of the neuron receives signals?
a) Axon
b) Dendrites
c) Soma
d) Synapse
Answer: b) Dendrites - Which of the following organelles is involved in the synthesis of lipids?
a) Ribosome
b) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
c) Golgi apparatus
d) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: b) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum - What is the function of the lysosome?
a) Energy production
b) Digestion of macromolecules
c) Protein synthesis
d) DNA replication
Answer: b) Digestion of macromolecules - Which of the following is a product of glycolysis?
a) Oxygen
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Pyruvate
d) Glucose
Answer: c) Pyruvate - In which part of the cell does transcription occur?
a) Cytoplasm
b) Nucleus
c) Ribosome
d) Mitochondria
Answer: b) Nucleus - What is the primary role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
a) Lipid synthesis
b) Protein synthesis
c) Carbohydrate metabolism
d) Energy production
Answer: b) Protein synthesis - Which organ system is primarily responsible for transporting nutrients and gases?
a) Digestive system
b) Respiratory system
c) Circulatory system
d) Nervous system
Answer: c) Circulatory system - What is the basic structural and functional unit of life?
a) Tissue
b) Cell
c) Organ
d) Organism
Answer: b) Cell - Which process is used by cells to expel waste materials?
a) Endocytosis
b) Exocytosis
c) Osmosis
d) Diffusion
Answer: b) Exocytosis - Which component of the cell is selectively permeable?
a) Cytoplasm
b) Cell wall
c) Cell membrane
d) Nucleus
Answer: c) Cell membrane - Which organelle is responsible for detoxifying harmful substances?
a) Ribosome
b) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
c) Golgi apparatus
d) Mitochondria
Answer: b) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum - What is the primary energy carrier in cells?
a) Glucose
b) ATP
c) ADP
d) NADH
Answer: b) ATP - Which of the following is a function of the skeletal system?
a) Producing hormones
b) Protecting vital organs
c) Transporting nutrients
d) Regulating temperature
Answer: b) Protecting vital organs - What is the main purpose of the integumentary system?
a) To support the body
b) To protect against pathogens
c) To facilitate movement
d) To control body functions
Answer: b) To protect against pathogens - Which phase of the cell cycle involves DNA replication?
a) G1 phase
b) S phase
c) G2 phase
d) M phase
Answer: b) S phase - Which of the following structures is found in prokaryotic cells?
a) Nucleus
b) Mitochondria
c) Ribosomes
d) Endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: c) Ribosomes - Which component of the cell is responsible for energy production?
a) Ribosomes
b) Mitochondria
c) Golgi apparatus
d) Nucleus
Answer: b) Mitochondria - What type of macromolecule are enzymes?
a) Nucleic acids
b) Carbohydrates
c) Proteins
d) Lipids
Answer: c) Proteins - Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?
a) Lack of nucleus
b) Membrane-bound organelles
c) Circular DNA
d) Unicellular only
Answer: b) Membrane-bound organelles - What is the function of the pancreas in the digestive system?
a) Producing bile
b) Absorbing nutrients
c) Producing digestive enzymes
d) Storing glycogen
Answer: c) Producing digestive enzymes - Which type of transport does NOT require energy?
a) Active transport
b) Passive transport
c) Endocytosis
d) Exocytosis
Answer: b) Passive transport - What is the term for the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat?
a) Population
b) Community
c) Biodiversity
d) Ecosystem
Answer: c) Biodiversity
