EBSU-BIO 101 Past Questions and Answers

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  1. Which of the following is the basic unit of life?
    a) Tissue
    b) Organ
    c) Cell
    d) Organism
    Answer: c) Cell
  2. What is the primary function of ribosomes in a cell?
    a) Energy production
    b) Protein synthesis
    c) DNA replication
    d) Lipid storage
    Answer: b) Protein synthesis
  3. Which process do plants use to convert sunlight into chemical energy?
    a) Cellular respiration
    b) Photosynthesis
    c) Fermentation
    d) Glycolysis
    Answer: b) Photosynthesis
  4. What type of bond holds the two strands of DNA together?
    a) Ionic bonds
    b) Covalent bonds
    c) Hydrogen bonds
    d) Metallic bonds
    Answer: c) Hydrogen bonds
  5. In the context of genetics, what does the term “phenotype” refer to?
    a) The genetic makeup of an organism
    b) The physical appearance of an organism
    c) The number of chromosomes
    d) The evolutionary history of an organism
    Answer: b) The physical appearance of an organism
  6. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of living organisms?
    a) Growth
    b) Metabolism
    c) Reproduction
    d) Inertia
    Answer: d) Inertia
  7. What is the function of the cell membrane?
    a) Energy production
    b) Protection against pathogens
    c) Regulation of entry and exit of substances
    d) Storage of genetic information
    Answer: c) Regulation of entry and exit of substances
  8. Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information?
    a) Proteins
    b) Carbohydrates
    c) Lipids
    d) Nucleic acids
    Answer: d) Nucleic acids
  9. What is the role of enzymes in biological reactions?
    a) They increase the temperature of the reaction.
    b) They slow down the reaction rate.
    c) They lower the activation energy needed for the reaction.
    d) They change the products of the reaction.
    Answer: c) They lower the activation energy needed for the reaction.
  10. Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?
    a) Nucleus
    b) Golgi apparatus
    c) Mitochondria
    d) Endoplasmic reticulum
    Answer: c) Mitochondria
  11. What is the main component of the cell wall in plants?
    a) Protein
    b) Lipid
    c) Cellulose
    d) Nucleic acid
    Answer: c) Cellulose
  12. Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?
    a) Chloroplast
    b) Mitochondria
    c) Ribosome
    d) Nucleus
    Answer: a) Chloroplast
  13. Which of the following processes occurs in the mitochondria?
    a) Photosynthesis
    b) Glycolysis
    c) Krebs cycle
    d) Protein synthesis
    Answer: c) Krebs cycle
  14. The primary structure of proteins is determined by which of the following?
    a) Hydrogen bonds
    b) Peptide bonds
    c) Ionic bonds
    d) Disulfide bridges
    Answer: b) Peptide bonds
  15. What is the role of chlorophyll in plants?
    a) Absorbs water
    b) Absorbs light energy
    c) Stores carbohydrates
    d) Synthesizes proteins
    Answer: b) Absorbs light energy
  16. Which of the following is a type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome?
    a) mRNA
    b) tRNA
    c) rRNA
    d) sRNA
    Answer: b) tRNA
  17. What is the term for a group of similar cells that perform a specific function?
    a) Organ
    b) Tissue
    c) Organ system
    d) Organism
    Answer: b) Tissue
  18. Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?
    a) Energy production
    b) Structural support
    c) Protein synthesis
    d) DNA replication
    Answer: b) Structural support
  19. What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?
    a) DNA synthesis
    b) Modifying and packaging proteins
    c) Lipid synthesis
    d) Energy production
    Answer: b) Modifying and packaging proteins
  20. Which type of cell division produces gametes?
    a) Mitosis
    b) Binary fission
    c) Meiosis
    d) Budding
    Answer: c) Meiosis
  21. What structure in plant cells allows for turgor pressure?
    a) Cell membrane
    b) Cytoplasm
    c) Cell wall
    d) Chloroplast
    Answer: c) Cell wall
  22. Which of the following is a prokaryotic organism?
    a) Fungi
    b) Bacteria
    c) Plants
    d) Animals
    Answer: b) Bacteria
  23. What is the main purpose of cellular respiration?
    a) To produce glucose
    b) To convert energy stored in food into usable energy
    c) To synthesize proteins
    d) To remove waste products
    Answer: b) To convert energy stored in food into usable energy
  24. What is the liquid portion of the cell that contains organelles?
    a) Cytoplasm
    b) Nucleoplasm
    c) Plasma
    d) Protoplasm
    Answer: a) Cytoplasm
  25. Which of the following is a characteristic of enzymes?
    a) They are consumed in the reaction.
    b) They are specific to their substrates.
    c) They increase the activation energy.
    d) They function at all temperatures.
    Answer: b) They are specific to their substrates.
  26. What is the role of the nucleolus in a cell?
    a) DNA replication
    b) Ribosome production
    c) Protein synthesis
    d) Energy production
    Answer: b) Ribosome production
  27. Which type of macromolecule are enzymes classified as?
    a) Nucleic acids
    b) Carbohydrates
    c) Lipids
    d) Proteins
    Answer: d) Proteins
  28. What process describes the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane?
    a) Active transport
    b) Osmosis
    c) Diffusion
    d) Filtration
    Answer: b) Osmosis
  29. Which part of the neuron receives signals?
    a) Axon
    b) Dendrites
    c) Soma
    d) Synapse
    Answer: b) Dendrites
  30. Which of the following organelles is involved in the synthesis of lipids?
    a) Ribosome
    b) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
    c) Golgi apparatus
    d) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
    Answer: b) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
  31. What is the function of the lysosome?
    a) Energy production
    b) Digestion of macromolecules
    c) Protein synthesis
    d) DNA replication
    Answer: b) Digestion of macromolecules
  32. Which of the following is a product of glycolysis?
    a) Oxygen
    b) Carbon dioxide
    c) Pyruvate
    d) Glucose
    Answer: c) Pyruvate
  33. In which part of the cell does transcription occur?
    a) Cytoplasm
    b) Nucleus
    c) Ribosome
    d) Mitochondria
    Answer: b) Nucleus
  34. What is the primary role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
    a) Lipid synthesis
    b) Protein synthesis
    c) Carbohydrate metabolism
    d) Energy production
    Answer: b) Protein synthesis
  35. Which organ system is primarily responsible for transporting nutrients and gases?
    a) Digestive system
    b) Respiratory system
    c) Circulatory system
    d) Nervous system
    Answer: c) Circulatory system
  36. What is the basic structural and functional unit of life?
    a) Tissue
    b) Cell
    c) Organ
    d) Organism
    Answer: b) Cell
  37. Which process is used by cells to expel waste materials?
    a) Endocytosis
    b) Exocytosis
    c) Osmosis
    d) Diffusion
    Answer: b) Exocytosis
  38. Which component of the cell is selectively permeable?
    a) Cytoplasm
    b) Cell wall
    c) Cell membrane
    d) Nucleus
    Answer: c) Cell membrane
  39. Which organelle is responsible for detoxifying harmful substances?
    a) Ribosome
    b) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
    c) Golgi apparatus
    d) Mitochondria
    Answer: b) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
  40. What is the primary energy carrier in cells?
    a) Glucose
    b) ATP
    c) ADP
    d) NADH
    Answer: b) ATP
  41. Which of the following is a function of the skeletal system?
    a) Producing hormones
    b) Protecting vital organs
    c) Transporting nutrients
    d) Regulating temperature
    Answer: b) Protecting vital organs
  42. What is the main purpose of the integumentary system?
    a) To support the body
    b) To protect against pathogens
    c) To facilitate movement
    d) To control body functions
    Answer: b) To protect against pathogens
  43. Which phase of the cell cycle involves DNA replication?
    a) G1 phase
    b) S phase
    c) G2 phase
    d) M phase
    Answer: b) S phase
  44. Which of the following structures is found in prokaryotic cells?
    a) Nucleus
    b) Mitochondria
    c) Ribosomes
    d) Endoplasmic reticulum
    Answer: c) Ribosomes
  45. Which component of the cell is responsible for energy production?
    a) Ribosomes
    b) Mitochondria
    c) Golgi apparatus
    d) Nucleus
    Answer: b) Mitochondria
  46. What type of macromolecule are enzymes?
    a) Nucleic acids
    b) Carbohydrates
    c) Proteins
    d) Lipids
    Answer: c) Proteins
  47. Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?
    a) Lack of nucleus
    b) Membrane-bound organelles
    c) Circular DNA
    d) Unicellular only
    Answer: b) Membrane-bound organelles
  48. What is the function of the pancreas in the digestive system?
    a) Producing bile
    b) Absorbing nutrients
    c) Producing digestive enzymes
    d) Storing glycogen
    Answer: c) Producing digestive enzymes
  49. Which type of transport does NOT require energy?
    a) Active transport
    b) Passive transport
    c) Endocytosis
    d) Exocytosis
    Answer: b) Passive transport
  50. What is the term for the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat?
    a) Population
    b) Community
    c) Biodiversity
    d) Ecosystem
    Answer: c) Biodiversity

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